As Spain's grip on the Americas loosened, Mexico threatened to take over Central America. In response, as the US Office of the Historian says:
The states that composed the Central American Federation (also referred to as the Federation of the Centre of America) were the states known today as Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua. These areas declared independence from Spain on September 15, 1821. In 1823, the United Provinces of Central America was formed of the five Central American states under Gen. Manuel Jose Arce.
The federation began to dissolve in 1838 and by the early 1840s was all but defunct. Throughout the 1840s, the United States recognized the independence of the five former components of the Central American Federation in their own right: Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua.
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