On 17 September 1871, the Fréjus Tunnel, also known as the Mont Cenis Tunnel) was opened to traffic for the first time, facilitating a new era of interaction between France and Italy. It had taken only 13 years to construct as against an estimate of 40 years, thanks largely to such innovations as pneumatic drilling machines and dynamite. The tunnel was the first great tunnel through the Alps. (There is more on wikipedia)
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